The HCoal process generated coal derived liquids in which exposures to polynuclear aromatics (PNA) were a hazard at most phases. Other hazards were coal dust, fire, noise, aromatic amines, ammonia (), hydrogensulfide (), phenols, benzene (71432), toluene (108883), xylene (), and hydrocarbons. ...
A process is disclosed for converting coal and other hydrocarbonaceous materials into useful and valuable liquid products. The process comprises: feeding coal and/or other hydrocarbonaceous mater with a hydrogencontaining gas into an ebullated catalyst bed reactor; passing the reaction product from the reactor to a hot separator where the ...
Abstract. The book discusses the establishment of the Synthetic Fuels Corporation by the Energy Security Act and the barriers to commercialization of coal gasification, coal liquefaction, and oil shale technologies for synfuel production; reviews the equipment and processes for coal gasification and coal liquefaction; assesses the current status of the HCoal Process; illustrates the ...
Maintenance management is an essential part of effective operation of a coal preparation plant. The key metric is: overall equipment effectiveness can be applied to any coalprocessing facility to measure and sustain performance. The maintenance management system consists of a framework of 3M: man, machine and methods.
This report presents the results of a technical and economic evaluation of the HCoal process and the coaltomethanol process for the production of liquid fuels from coal. Evaluations are based on capital cost estimates, in mid1982 dollars, for commercial size, selfcontained plants with a nominal liquid product capacity of 50,000 fuel oil ...
The rerun HCoal atmospheric still bottoms (Hcoal gas oil) were used to evaluate the relative hydrogenation activity of three UOP commercial catalysts. The UOPDCB catalyst, which was found to have the highest hydrogenation activity, was employed in the HCoal gas oil hydrotreating process more » variable studies.
• The Hcoal process differs from other processes in that the coaloil slurry comes in direct contact with a catalyst in the reactor. • Five major steps are involved In the H Coal process:
Abstract. A large coalliquefaction pilot plant is in operation at Catlettsburg, Kentucky, expanding on the HCoal technology. The pilot plant operated very successfully during 1981, confirming research yield data on eastern bituminous coal, demonstrating operability of the process, and resulting in a significant accumulation of engineering data.
The Energy Environmental Research Center (EERC) conducted a laboratoryscale coalderived graphene (CDG) project focused on developing a technological process for making graphene from four domestic coal or coal wastes, including lignite from North Dakota, subbituminous coal from Wyoming, bituminous coal from Utah, and anthracite from Pennsylvania.
A key feature of the Hcoal process is the use of an ebullated bed for achieving good mixing between slurried coal, hydrogen, and extruded catalyst particles. The Hcoal reactor can be modeled as a fourphase fluid bed system containing liquid, fines, gases, and catalyst particles. In order to study the hydrodynamic behavior of this gas/slurry ...
These include two solvent refined coal processes (SRCI and II), Hcoal (a catalytic liquefaction process) and Exxon donor solvent (EDS). The DOE health and environmental research program includes shortterm screening of coalderived materials for possible health and environmental effects. Longerterm assays are used to evaluate materials ...
The rerun HCoal atmospheric still bottoms (Hcoal gas oil) were used to evaluate the relative hydrogenation activity of three UOP commercial catalysts. The UOPDCB catalyst, which was found to have the highest hydrogenation activity, was employed in the HCoal gas oil hydrotreating process more » variable studies.
The Hcoal process of Hydrocarbon Research was developed in a 200 t/d plant in Catlettsburg (Kentucky). The main partners participating in this project were the DOE and Ashland Oil together with other energy com panies. Hydrogenation is conducted under relatively mild reaction condi tions of 455 and 210 bar with a cobalt/molybdenum catalyst.
Introduction. H 2 S is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an unpleasant odor. The Chinese "Coal Mine Safety Regulations" states that the H 2 S concentration of coal mine gas is considered abnormal if it concentration is greater than ppm 1 concentrations present a serious threat to life and property in well mines due to the risk of H 2 S outburst 3 6.
The main gas components produced in the process of coal oxidation and spontaneous combustion include CO, CO 2, CH 4, C 2 H 4, C 2 H 6, and C 2 H 2. Among them, coal reacts with oxygen at ordinary temperatures to produce CO, CO 2, and CH 4 as well as including coal analysis. In the part of the index gas detection experiment, the aforementioned ...
HCoal, a catalytic hydroliquefaction process developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. for conversion of coal to highquality, clean liquids, has advanced to the stage of commercial evaluation with the construction in Catlettsburg, Kentucky of a 600 ton/day pilot plant which will produce up to 2,500 barrels per day of liquid product.
HCoal Syncrude product streams, prepared from Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, or West Kentucky No. 11 coal were obtained from the HCoal Process Development Unit (PDU) and analyzed for physical properties, elemental compositions, trace metal levels, and molecular composition.
So upgrading usually consists of grinding the coal and then putting into a number of froth floatation cells and cyclones in this process, the rock particles are heavier than the coal so the rock sinks and the coal floats on the surface, The coal is then skimmed off, dried to some extent and then put in train cars. Mine mouth coal for power ...
article{osti_, title = {Upgrading of coal liquids. Monthly technical progress report for September 1977}, author = {Tan, G. and deRosset, A. J.}, abstractNote = {Secondstage hydrocracking, aimed at 100 percent conversion of low nitrogen HCoal liquid to naphtha, was concluded with studies at 500 psig above base pressure. An attempt to hydrocrack rerun HCoal atmospheric bottoms to ...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the applicability of commercial UOP hydrotreating and reforming processes to naphthas derived from the HCoal process. Three naphthas were studied. One was the primary naphtha generated from the HCoal syncrude operation. The other two products were from hydrocracking HCoal gas oil.
The HCoal Process The HCoal process liquifies coal to either boiler fuel or synthetic crude in the presence of an added particulate catalyst. To produce synthetic crude instead of boiler fuel, more hydrogen is added to the slurry and reactor residence times are increased. It was developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) and was selected ...
HCoal, a catalytic hydroliquefaction process developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. for conversion of coal to highquality, clean liquids, has advanced to the stage of commercial evaluation with the construction in Catlettsburg, Kentucky of a 600 ton/day pilot plant which will produce up to 2,500 barrels per day of liquid product.
Specifically, Dow is testing the liquids produced from four coal liquefaction processes (COED, SRC, Synthoil, and HCoal) in standard petrochemical processing experiments and is evaluating these results to select one process for further study, based on process design, quality of chemicals produced, and overall plant economics.
The most important process of this group is the HCoal process, developed by Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) as an outgrowth of previous work on the hydrogenation of petroleum fractions. The development of this process was sponsored by ERDA/US DOE and a large group of oil companies (DOE, 2015b; Xinjua News, 2014). Very few DCL programs were ...
HCoal Syncrude product streams, prepared from Illinois No. 6, Wyodak, or West Kentucky No. 11 coal were obtained from the HCoal Process Development Unit (PDU) and analyzed for physical properties, elemental compositions, trace metal levels, and molecular composition. The trace metal levels are generally low in all except the heavy fuel oils.
article{osti_, title = {Comparison of coal liquefaction processes. Final report on Task 006}, author = {Rogers, K A and Wilk, A S and McBeath, B C and Hill, R F}, abstractNote = {Five processes were studied to determine which could give best results for supplying hydrocarbon fuels to replace petroleum products. The processes were FischerTropsch; MGasoline; HCoal; Exxon Donor Solvent ...
HCoal process of coal to oil through direct catalytic liquid phase hydrogenation is the In the final vacuum tower, operate the tower at proper only process which has been commercialised (2). For vacuum level in order to have that amount of liquid so that instance, a plant has been constructed in Mongolia (China) the slurry containing all the ...
Solidliquid separation underflow (SLSU) and solvent from a hydroextraction process were carbonized at 900/sup 0/F in an inert atmosphere at pressures up to 400 psig. Vacuum still bottoms from the HCoal process were pyrolyzed at 1100/sup 0/F in a methane atmosphere at 400 psig.
The HCoal process is being developed by Hydro carbon Research, Inc. under the joint sponsorship of (1) ERDA, (2) a private industry consortium composed of Electric Power Research Institute, Ashland Oil, Inc., Conoco Coal Development Company, Mobil Oil Corporation and Standard Oil Company (Indiana), and (3) the Commonwealth of Kentucky. ...
This document contains the final results of an investigation to determine the suitability of the COED, HCOAL, SYNTHOIL, and SRC II syncrudes as petrochemical feedstocks. Based on the results of laboratory investigations, conversions of the liquid products to petrochemical feedstocks per ton of coal fed to each liquefaction process was % ...
This report presents the results of a technical and economic evaluation of the HCoal process and the coaltomethanol process for the production of liquid fuels from coal. Evaluations are based on capital cost estimates, in mid1982 dollars, for commercial size, selfcontained plants with a nominal liquid product capacity of 50,000 fuel oil ...
HCoal Processes. In the HCoal process, pulverized coal is slurried with recycled oil and, along with hydrogen, fed into an ebullatedbed reactor, a feature that distinguishes this process from others. Reactor conditions are normally in the range of 825 to 875°F and 2,500 to 3,500 psig. The reactor contains a bed of catalytic particles ...
More than 60 coal hydrogenationliquefaction processes are reviewed with respect to various process variables. These variables include temperature, pressure, residence time, catalyst type and percent, raw materials, liquid to coal ratio in the feed, percent product yield, space rate utilization, plant capacity, and references.
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